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		<description>An overview of surgical topics aimed at medical students coming to their clinical surgery rotations, as well as refreshers for early career medical doctors working in surgical departments. These podcasts provide core knowledge of topics, providing a platform to commence deeper learning.</description>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 11:35:21 +0200</pubDate>
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		<title>Upper GIT Oesophageal cancer</title>
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		<description><![CDATA[Oesophageal cancer is not an uncommon cause of dysphagia or odonophagia in a general surgery practice. In this podcast we give an overview of the two most common types of oesophageal cancer, their presentation, investigation and management. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_905201_20200810_055130_src.pdf">Oesophageal cancer podcast overview.pdf &mdash; PDF (88.4 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2020 05:47:00 +0200</pubDate>
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		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Upper GIT Oesophageal cancer</itunes:title>
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		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Oesophageal cancer is not an uncommon cause of dysphagia or odonophagia in a general surgery practice. In this podcast we give an overview of the two most common types of oesophageal cancer, their presentation, investigation and management.]]></itunes:summary>
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		<title>Paediatric surgery Transfer of the neonate</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/905200</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[Successfully transfering an ill neonate from a peripheral hospital to a center where paeditric surgeons and paediatricians can care for the patient inlcudes a well planned and thorough process. In this episode we discuss what is needed for this kind of patient transfer. <a href="https://fn.bmj.com/content/fetalneonatal/89/3/F215.full.pdf">Optimising neonatal transfer. AC Fenton et al. 2004</a> &middot; <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_905200_20200810_053811_src.pdf">Transfer of the neonate lecture notes.pdf &mdash; PDF (41.1 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2020 05:34:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Transfer of the neonate</itunes:title>
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		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
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		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Successfully transfering an ill neonate from a peripheral hospital to a center where paeditric surgeons and paediatricians can care for the patient inlcudes a well planned and thorough process. In this episode we discuss what is needed for this kind of patient transfer.]]></itunes:summary>
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		<title>Lower GIT Colorectal cancer</title>
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		<description><![CDATA[Colorectal cancer and it's complications will be a common condition managed by anyone treating surgical emergencies as well as working in general surgery departments. In this podcast we discuss these cancers, their presentations and the management thereof. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_905198_20200810_053259_src.pdf">Colorectal cancer lecture notes.pdf &mdash; PDF (168.2 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2020 05:28:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Lower GIT Colorectal cancer</itunes:title>
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		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
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		<itunes:duration>37:13</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Colorectal cancer and it's complications will be a common condition managed by anyone treating surgical emergencies as well as working in general surgery departments. In this podcast we discuss these cancers, their presentations and the management thereof.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>General Surgery HIV associated malignancies for the general surgeon</title>
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		<description><![CDATA[There are cancers rarely seen in the general population, but are common in HIV positive patients, such as Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. In this podcast we give an overview of the more common HIV associated malignancies that a general surgeon may be faced with. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital-Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2020 04:45:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>General Surgery HIV associated malignancies for the general surgeon</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
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		<itunes:duration>7:57</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[There are cancers rarely seen in the general population, but are common in HIV positive patients, such as Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. In this podcast we give an overview of the more common HIV associated malignancies that a general surgeon may be faced with.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>General Surgery The spleen</title>
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		<description><![CDATA[The most common indication for spleen surgery is trauma. In the absence of trauma, spleen surgery is relatively rare and seldomly required. When indicated it may be curative and lifesaving. In this podcast we discuss elective, non-trauma general surgical aspects of the spleen. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_905188_20200810_044520_src.pdf">The spleen lecture notes.pdf &mdash; PDF (128.2 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2020 04:28:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>General Surgery The spleen</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_905188_20250912_153015_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>15:43</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The most common indication for spleen surgery is trauma. In the absence of trauma, spleen surgery is relatively rare and seldomly required. When indicated it may be curative and lifesaving. In this podcast we discuss elective, non-trauma general surgical aspects of the spleen.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>General Surgery Daily approach to a ward patient</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/905186</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[Having a systematic reproducible routine of assessing a surgical ward patient during your daily ward rounds is essential, ensuring that they are improving, picking up signs early that something may be going wrong. In this podcast we discuss how to go about this essential component of your clinical practice. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital-Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_905186_20200810_042807_src.pdf">Approach to a ward patient .pdf &mdash; PDF (51.1 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2020 04:23:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>General Surgery Daily approach to a ward patient</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_905186_20250912_153015_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>12:11</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Having a systematic reproducible routine of assessing a surgical ward patient during your daily ward rounds is essential, ensuring that they are improving, picking up signs early that something may be going wrong. In this podcast we discuss how to go about this essential component of your clinical practice.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>Paediatric surgery Bowel obstruction beyond the neonatal period</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/900800</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[In this podcast we discuss causes and the management of bowel obstruction once the baby is older than 28 days of age. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2020 11:49:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Bowel obstruction beyond the neonatal period</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900800_20250912_153512_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>20:42</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this podcast we discuss causes and the management of bowel obstruction once the baby is older than 28 days of age.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>Paediatric surgery Constipation</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/900793</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[Constipation and faecal incontinence is common and has a good prognosis if treated appropriately. An assessment of a child with constipation is primarily through a careful history and clinical examination and rarely abdominal x-rays are required to determine the cause of the constipation. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital-Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_900793_20200731_114930_src.pdf">Constipation and Fecal incontinence in Children.pdf &mdash; PDF (100.6 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2020 11:43:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Constipation</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900793_20250912_153513_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>42:20</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Constipation and faecal incontinence is common and has a good prognosis if treated appropriately. An assessment of a child with constipation is primarily through a careful history and clinical examination and rarely abdominal x-rays are required to determine the cause of the constipation.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900793_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="18291001" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900793_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900793_20250912_153513_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/900793?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Paediatric surgery Anorectal malformation</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/900789</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/900789</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Anorectal malformation does not only refer to an imperforate anus, but is a spectrum of abnormalities of rectum/ anus possible. It is also associated with other congenital abnormalities known by the mnenomonic 'VACTERL'. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital-Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_900789_20200731_114321_src.pdf">Anorectal malformation .pdf &mdash; PDF (59.2 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2020 11:37:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Anorectal malformation</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900789_20250912_153513_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>12:28</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Anorectal malformation does not only refer to an imperforate anus, but is a spectrum of abnormalities of rectum/ anus possible. It is also associated with other congenital abnormalities known by the mnenomonic 'VACTERL'.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="2987231" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900789_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="5469971" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900789_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900789_20250912_153513_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/900789?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Paediatric surgery Gastro-intestinal bleeding</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/900786</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/900786</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Even a small amount of blood appears large and can be alarming for parents and doctor. It is usually self-limiting and seldom life threatening.<br />
A careful history and physical examination is important to determine the most likely cause and severity of the bleed. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical Practice and Personal Financial Solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_900786_20200731_113730_src.pdf">Gastro-intestinal bleeding in children.pdf &mdash; PDF (92.6 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2020 11:28:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Gastro-intestinal bleeding</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900786_20250912_153515_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>35:00</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Even a small amount of blood appears large and can be alarming for parents and doctor. It is usually self-limiting and seldom life threatening.
A careful history and physical examination is important to determine the most likely cause and severity of the bleed.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="8131923" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900786_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="14933115" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900786_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
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							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900786_20250912_153515_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/900786?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Acute pancreatitis</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/900774</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/900774</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the pancreas which is reversible. There are several causes, the most common of which are gallstones and alcohol ingestion. In this podcast we discuss the causes of acute pancreatitis, it's severity staging and management thereof. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_900774_20200731_112519_src.pdf">Acute pancreatitis .pdf &mdash; PDF (640.5 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2020 11:17:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Acute pancreatitis</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900774_20250912_153516_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>20:33</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the pancreas which is reversible. There are several causes, the most common of which are gallstones and alcohol ingestion. In this podcast we discuss the causes of acute pancreatitis, it's severity staging and management thereof.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900774_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="8976928" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900774_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
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							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900774_20250912_153516_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/900774?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Infective liver lesions</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/900765</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/900765</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are three common infective liver lesions: pyogenic abscess, hydatid disease and amoebic abscesses. In this podcats they are differentiated by their clinical presentation, diagnostic features and management. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_900765_20200731_111721_src.pdf">Infected liver lesions podcast overview.pdf &mdash; PDF (29.2 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2020 11:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Infective liver lesions</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900765_20250912_153519_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>17:37</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[There are three common infective liver lesions: pyogenic abscess, hydatid disease and amoebic abscesses. In this podcats they are differentiated by their clinical presentation, diagnostic features and management.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900765_high.mp3?p=rss" length="14809896" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4260033" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900765_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="7781949" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900765_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900765_20250912_153519_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/900765?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Benign solid liver lesions</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/900763</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/900763</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Benign liver lesions are common. The diagnosis is made by imaging and not by biopsy. However if the diagnosis is unclear after adequate imaging (U/S and CT and MRI with contrast) then the decision to do a biopsy should be made by a HPB surgeon. The biopsy would then be in the form of an excision as this is the safest. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical Practice and Personal Financial Solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_900763_20200731_111039_src.pdf">Benign liver lesions lecture notes.pdf &mdash; PDF (89.3 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2020 11:04:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Benign solid liver lesions</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900763_20250912_153520_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>11:17</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Benign liver lesions are common. The diagnosis is made by imaging and not by biopsy. However if the diagnosis is unclear after adequate imaging (U/S and CT and MRI with contrast) then the decision to do a biopsy should be made by a HPB surgeon. The biopsy would then be in the form of an excision as this is the safest.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900763_high.mp3?p=rss" length="9483998" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="2723144" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900763_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4955624" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_900763_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_900763_20250912_153520_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/900763?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Head and Neck surgery Neck masses</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898447</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898447</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A neck mass is a lump or swelling in the neck. Most common are enlarged lymph nodes which may or may not be pathological. In this podcast we discuss an approach to diagnosising neck masses. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical Practice and Personal Financial Solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 19:09:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Head and Neck surgery Neck masses</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898447_20250912_154038_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>44:27</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[A neck mass is a lump or swelling in the neck. Most common are enlarged lymph nodes which may or may not be pathological. In this podcast we discuss an approach to diagnosising neck masses.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898447_high.mp3?p=rss" length="37341925" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="10350903" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898447_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="19112235" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898447_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898447_20250912_154038_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898447?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>General surgery Acute abdomen</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898436</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898436</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[An acute abdomen is a painful process, of acute onset, and is characterized by progressively worsening pain and gasto-intestinal symptoms. In many cases the causative condition requires surgical intervention to avoid complications and death. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical Practice and Personal Financial Solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_898436_20200727_190907_src.pdf">Podcast Acute Abdomen .pdf &mdash; PDF (96.5 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 19:04:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>General surgery Acute abdomen</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898436_20250912_154039_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>26:00</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[An acute abdomen is a painful process, of acute onset, and is characterized by progressively worsening pain and gasto-intestinal symptoms. In many cases the causative condition requires surgical intervention to avoid complications and death.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898436_high.mp3?p=rss" length="21842218" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="6213227" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898436_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="11390087" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898436_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898436_20250912_154039_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898436?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>General surgery Soft tissue tumors</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898431</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898431</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sarcomas are rare cancerrs which originate in tissues that connect, support and surround other body structures, these include muscle, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons and joint linings. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 19:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>General surgery Soft tissue tumors</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898431_20250912_154039_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>7:26</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Sarcomas are rare cancerrs which originate in tissues that connect, support and surround other body structures, these include muscle, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons and joint linings.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="1775080" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898431_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="3259276" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898431_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898431_20250912_154039_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898431?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Breast surgery Breast cancer</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898428</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898428</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There is an 8-10% lifetime risk for all women. The most significant risk factors are female sex and increased age. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_898428_20200727_190039_src.pdf">Breast Cancer .pdf &mdash; PDF (72.7 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:55:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Breast surgery Breast cancer</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898428_20250912_154039_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>8:07</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[There is an 8-10% lifetime risk for all women. The most significant risk factors are female sex and increased age. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898428_high.mp3?p=rss" length="6832937" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="1961986" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898428_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="3570598" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898428_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898428_20250912_154039_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898428?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Breast surgery Benign breast pathology</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898424</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898424</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Benign breast disease can be classified under the term Abberations in Normal Development and Involution of the breast (ANDI). <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_898424_20200727_185546_src.pdf">Benign breast disease .pdf &mdash; PDF (56.7 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:51:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Breast surgery Benign breast pathology</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898424_20250912_154040_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>5:29</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Benign breast disease can be classified under the term Abberations in Normal Development and Involution of the breast (ANDI).]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898424_high.mp3?p=rss" length="4615621" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="1388564" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898424_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="2461232" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898424_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898424_20250912_154040_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898424?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Endocrine surgery Thyroid goiter</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898422</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898422</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[An elarged thyroid glans is called a thyroid goiter, and has several causes and treatment plans. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:48:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Endocrine surgery Thyroid goiter</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898422_20250912_154040_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>9:50</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[An elarged thyroid glans is called a thyroid goiter, and has several causes and treatment plans.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898422_high.mp3?p=rss" length="8266175" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="2386382" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898422_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4335350" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898422_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898422_20250912_154040_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898422?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Paediatric surgery Diaphragmatic hernias</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898420</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898420</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Defects in the diaphargm are most commonly either Bochdalek or Morgagni hernias, each with it's own unique presentation, assocaitions and complications. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_898420_20200727_184747_src.pdf">Congenital diaphragm hernia podcast outline.pdf &mdash; PDF (29.2 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:42:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Diaphragmatic hernias</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898420_20250912_154041_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>10:15</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Defects in the diaphargm are most commonly either Bochdalek or Morgagni hernias, each with it's own unique presentation, assocaitions and complications.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898420_high.mp3?p=rss" length="8619829" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="2470798" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898420_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4527058" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898420_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898420_20250912_154041_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898420?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Paediatric surgery Hirschsprung's disease</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898414</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898414</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Definition: Aganglionosis of distal colon and rectum <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_898414_20200727_184216_src.pdf">Hirschsprung's disease .pdf &mdash; PDF (93.4 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:38:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Hirschsprung's disease</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898414_20250912_154042_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>16:52</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Definition: Aganglionosis of distal colon and rectum]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898414_high.mp3?p=rss" length="14175030" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4032311" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898414_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="7387295" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898414_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898414_20250912_154042_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898414?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Paediatric surgery Neonatal bowel obstruction</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898410</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898410</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Most common causes inlcude gastro-intestinal atresias, and conditions such as meconium ileum. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:35:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Neonatal bowel obstruction</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898410_20250912_154044_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>14:27</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Most common causes inlcude gastro-intestinal atresias, and conditions such as meconium ileum.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898410_high.mp3?p=rss" length="12141663" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="3388731" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898410_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="6225795" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898410_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898410_20250912_154044_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898410?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Paediatric surgery Neonatal surgical jaundice</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898407</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898407</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Physiological jaundice occurs in first week of life and is very common<br />
Pathological jaundice presents on day 1 of life, is prolonged (lasts after 14 days of life). <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_898407_20200727_183523_src.pdf">Neonatal Surgical Jaundice notes.pdf &mdash; PDF (57.5 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:24:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Paediatric surgery Neonatal surgical jaundice</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898407_20250912_154044_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>15:49</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Physiological jaundice occurs in first week of life and is very common
Pathological jaundice presents on day 1 of life, is prolonged (lasts after 14 days of life).]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898407_high.mp3?p=rss" length="13294394" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="3710979" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898407_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="6799707" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898407_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898407_20250912_154044_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898407?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Upper GIT Dysphagia</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898397</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898397</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dysphagia describes the difficulty in swallowing liquids and/or solids from the mouth to the stomach. It is usually called a symptom of an underlying pathology.<br />
Dysphagia may be progressive in nature, meaning the difficulty in swallowing is initially only for solids and progressively becomes worse ending with an inability to swallow liquids and saliva. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_898397_20200727_181913_src.pdf">An approach to dysphagia.pdf &mdash; PDF (55.0 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:15:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Upper GIT Dysphagia</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898397_20250912_154046_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>14:32</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dysphagia describes the difficulty in swallowing liquids and/or solids from the mouth to the stomach. It is usually called a symptom of an underlying pathology.
Dysphagia may be progressive in nature, meaning the difficulty in swallowing is initially only for solids and progressively becomes worse ending with an inability to swallow liquids and saliva.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898397_high.mp3?p=rss" length="12219168" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="3488881" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898397_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="6365593" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898397_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898397_20250912_154046_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898397?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Upper GIT Gastroesophageal reflux disease</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898392</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898392</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Reflux of gastric juices from stomach into esophagus occasional occurs in normal human beings. When this reflux increases in frequency and volume causing troublesome symptoms and/or damage to esophageal mucosa it is then regarded as pathological and called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_898392_20200727_181453_src.pdf">Gastroesophageal reflux disease overview.pdf &mdash; PDF (88.6 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Upper GIT Gastroesophageal reflux disease</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898392_20250912_154047_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>14:32</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Reflux of gastric juices from stomach into esophagus occasional occurs in normal human beings. When this reflux increases in frequency and volume causing troublesome symptoms and/or damage to esophageal mucosa it is then regarded as pathological and called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898392_high.mp3?p=rss" length="12219190" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="3488903" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898392_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="6365615" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898392_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898392_20250912_154047_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898392?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Vascular surgery Chronic venous insufficiency</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898153</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898153</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chronic venous hypertension caused by reflux, obstruction or calf muscle pump failure commonly results in a spectrum of clinical manifestations and is major cause of morbidity and increased health care costs. Clinical signs range from small, superficial telangiectasia through to large chronic debilitating venous ulcers. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 12:57:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Vascular surgery Chronic venous insufficiency</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898153_20250912_154114_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>9:02</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Chronic venous hypertension caused by reflux, obstruction or calf muscle pump failure commonly results in a spectrum of clinical manifestations and is major cause of morbidity and increased health care costs. Clinical signs range from small, superficial telangiectasia through to large chronic debilitating venous ulcers.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="2162595" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898153_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="3952683" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898153_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898153_20250912_154114_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898153?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Vascular surgery Carotid artery disease</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898151</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898151</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Diseases of the carotid artery may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. When symptomatic, patients may present with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 12:54:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Vascular surgery Carotid artery disease</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898151_20250912_154129_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>10:25</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Diseases of the carotid artery may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. When symptomatic, patients may present with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a cerebrovascular accident (CVA).]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898151_high.mp3?p=rss" length="8757702" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="2495397" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898151_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4563525" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898151_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898151_20250912_154129_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898151?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Plastic Surgery Non-melanoma skin cancers</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898147</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898147</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Basal and squamous skin cancers are the most common skin cancers that are not melanomas. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 12:51:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Plastic Surgery Non-melanoma skin cancers</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898147_20250912_154133_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>46:29</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Basal and squamous skin cancers are the most common skin cancers that are not melanomas.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898147_high.mp3?p=rss" length="39057864" type="audio/mpeg" />
								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="11405807" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898147_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="20543675" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898147_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898147_20250912_154133_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898147?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Chronic pancreatitis</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898142</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898142</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible fibro-inflammatory disease of the pancreas which commonly presents with abdominal pain, exocrine and or endocrine dysfunction. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 12:43:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Chronic pancreatitis</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898142_20250912_154139_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>14:48</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible fibro-inflammatory disease of the pancreas which commonly presents with abdominal pain, exocrine and or endocrine dysfunction.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898142_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="6436338" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898142_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898142_20250912_154139_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898142?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Obstructive jaundice</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/898118</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/898118</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Obstructive jaundice occurs as a result of a bile duct blockage resulting in bile not being able to flow from the liver into the duodenum. <br />
Following an adequate history and clinical examination a patient should have an abdominal ultrasound and biochemical tests. Following this a differential diagnosis can be developed and further management planned. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2020 11:59:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>0</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Obstructive jaundice</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>0</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898118_20250912_154152_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>9:03</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Obstructive jaundice occurs as a result of a bile duct blockage resulting in bile not being able to flow from the liver into the duodenum. 
Following an adequate history and clinical examination a patient should have an abdominal ultrasound and biochemical tests. Following this a differential diagnosis can be developed and further management planned.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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								<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="2204954" bitrate="28000" title="Low quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898118_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4018826" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_898118_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_898118_20250912_154152_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/898118?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Trauma surgery Lightning and lightning associated injuries</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1095103</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1095103</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Professor Martin Brand interviews Professor Ryan Blumenthal, senior specialist forensic pathologist and associate professor at the University of Pretoria’s Department of Forensic Medicine. <br />
His chief field of interest is the pathology of trauma of lightning. His book 'Autopsy - Life in the trenches with a forensic pathologist from Africa' (Jonathan Ball Publishers) launched August 2020 and became a non-fiction best-seller in South Africa and his eight-part documentary “Lightning Pathologist” aired 9 November 2020 to 20 November 2020, and was viewed by over 2.2 million people.<br />
<br />
In this podcast Professor Blumenthal explains how ligntning causes injuries and dispels several myths of this not uncommon cause of trauma in South Africa. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 03 Sep 2021 09:53:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>31</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Trauma surgery Lightning and lightning associated injuries</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>31</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>18:12</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode Professor Martin Brand interviews Professor Ryan Blumenthal, senior specialist forensic pathologist and associate professor at the University of Pretoria’s Department of Forensic Medicine. 
His chief field of interest is the pathology of trauma of lightning. His book 'Autopsy - Life in the trenches with a forensic pathologist from Africa' (Jonathan Ball Publishers) launched August 2020 and became a non-fiction best-seller in South Africa and his eight-part documentary “Lightning Pathologist” aired 9 November 2020 to 20 November 2020, and was viewed by over 2.2 million people.

In this podcast Professor Blumenthal explains how ligntning causes injuries and dispels several myths of this not uncommon cause of trauma in South Africa.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1095103_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="8022470" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1095103_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1095103?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Trauma surgery Electropathology- the pathology of electricity</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1102510</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1102510</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Join Martin Brand as he interviews electricity guru, Professor Ryan Blumenthal, Forensic pathologist at the University of Pretoria. Professor Blumenthal has a deep interest in electricity and how it casues trauma, from your kitchen kettle to high voltage power lines, many of the myths of electricity are debunked in this episode. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 20 Sep 2021 09:22:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>32</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Trauma surgery Electropathology- the pathology of electricity</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>32</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>13:48</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Join Martin Brand as he interviews electricity guru, Professor Ryan Blumenthal, Forensic pathologist at the University of Pretoria. Professor Blumenthal has a deep interest in electricity and how it casues trauma, from your kitchen kettle to high voltage power lines, many of the myths of electricity are debunked in this episode.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
		<enclosure url="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1102510_high.mp3?p=rss" length="11594946" type="audio/mpeg" />
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1102510_low.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="6121493" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1102510_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1102510?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Internship training: how to conduct yourself as a doctor</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1141106</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1141106</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this podcast we discuss HPCSA internship training requirements with Mr Jerry Mayaba, attorney for MacRobert's Attorney's, and what is required for an intern doctor to be successfully signed off as an independent practicioner. Attached to the podcast are various HPCSA published documents relevant to Internship. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_1141106_20220101_073354_src.pdf">HPCSA Core Competancies for Internship.pdf &mdash; PDF (386.5 KB)</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_1141106_20220101_073359_src.pdf">HPCSA Guidelines for Internship Training.pdf &mdash; PDF (1.2 MB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2022 07:12:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>33</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Internship training: how to conduct yourself as a doctor</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>33</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>10:03</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this podcast we discuss HPCSA internship training requirements with Mr Jerry Mayaba, attorney for MacRobert's Attorney's, and what is required for an intern doctor to be successfully signed off as an independent practicioner. Attached to the podcast are various HPCSA published documents relevant to Internship.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1141106_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4397253" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1141106_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1141106?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Informed consent and other medicolegal principles</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1141111</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1141111</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We discuss informed consent, who can give consent and various ethical principles with Mr Jerry Mayaba, an attorney specialising in medicolegal litigation with MacRoberts Attorneys. Attached to the podcast are various HPCSA published douments relevant to consent and ethical medical practice. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_1141111_20220101_081957_src.pdf">The Children's Act explained.pdf &mdash; PDF (812.8 KB)</a> &middot; <a href="https://ionofm-file-uploads.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/45f2e4dff07b36f943de037d38eddc88-1641017962.pdf">HPCSA Ethical guidelines for good practice in the health care professions.pdf &mdash; PDF (6.3 MB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2022 07:34:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>34</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Informed consent and other medicolegal principles</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>34</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>28:15</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[We discuss informed consent, who can give consent and various ethical principles with Mr Jerry Mayaba, an attorney specialising in medicolegal litigation with MacRoberts Attorneys. Attached to the podcast are various HPCSA published douments relevant to consent and ethical medical practice.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="12486171" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1141111_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
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							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1141111?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Trauma surgery Approach to the trauma patient</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1141113</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1141113</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Using ATLS principles, trauma surgeon Dr Barbaro Monzon, discusses the approach to a trauma patient in the emergency room. The primary, secondary and tertiary surveys are dealt with. Attached to the podcast is a summary sheet which includes links to useful free online claculators ect.. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a> &middot; <a href="https://static.iono.fm/files/p1915/att_1141113_20220101_085325_src.pdf">Additional content Approach to Trauma Patient podcast.pdf &mdash; PDF (54.8 KB)</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2022 08:37:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>35</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Trauma surgery Approach to the trauma patient</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>35</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>23:09</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Using ATLS principles, trauma surgeon Dr Barbaro Monzon, discusses the approach to a trauma patient in the emergency room. The primary, secondary and tertiary surveys are dealt with. Attached to the podcast is a summary sheet which includes links to useful free online claculators ect..]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Trauma Surgery Radiology investigations in the resuscitation room</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1141116</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1141116</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this podcast we discuss the indications of x-rays, eFAST, CT scans, contrast studies and other investigations. Attached to the podcast is a PDF with links to additional resources. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2022 08:54:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>36</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Trauma Surgery Radiology investigations in the resuscitation room</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>36</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>24:11</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this podcast we discuss the indications of x-rays, eFAST, CT scans, contrast studies and other investigations. Attached to the podcast is a PDF with links to additional resources.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1141116?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Gallstones and their complications</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1142534</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1142534</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this podcast we discuss the types and pathogenesis of gallstones as well as their complications with Dr Hendri Pretorius. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2022 14:35:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>37</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Gallstones and their complications</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>37</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>24:10</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this podcast we discuss the types and pathogenesis of gallstones as well as their complications with Dr Hendri Pretorius.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="9269128" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1142534?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Primary liver cancers</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1150108</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1150108</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Dr Hendri Pretorius tells us about primary liver cancers, focusing on hepatocellular cancer. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 29 Jan 2022 12:04:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>38</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Primary liver cancers</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>38</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>13:40</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode Dr Hendri Pretorius tells us about primary liver cancers, focusing on hepatocellular cancer.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="5116299" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1150108_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
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							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1150108?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Portal hypertension</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1152987</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1152987</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The normal blood pressure in the portal venous circulation is 3-5mmHg, portal hypertension is diagnosed once the pressure is greater than 6mm Hg. Varices start developing with a pressure greater than 8mmHg, and may bleed with pressures greater than 12mmHg.<br />
In this podcast we discuss portal hypertension with Dr Hendri Pretorius including with a clinical case scenario and the management thereof. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 07 Feb 2022 08:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>39</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Portal hypertension</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>39</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>20:14</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The normal blood pressure in the portal venous circulation is 3-5mmHg, portal hypertension is diagnosed once the pressure is greater than 6mm Hg. Varices start developing with a pressure greater than 8mmHg, and may bleed with pressures greater than 12mmHg.
In this podcast we discuss portal hypertension with Dr Hendri Pretorius including with a clinical case scenario and the management thereof.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="7643101" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1152987_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
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							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1152987?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB Metastatic liver lesions</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1155651</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1155651</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Liver metastases are very common. With modern liver resection techniques and chemotherapy agents we are able to offer these patients treatment that may significantly lengthen their overall survival. In thjis podcast we dicuss metastatic liver lesions with Dr Hendri Pretorius. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 14 Feb 2022 14:59:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>40</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB Metastatic liver lesions</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>40</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>12:55</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Liver metastases are very common. With modern liver resection techniques and chemotherapy agents we are able to offer these patients treatment that may significantly lengthen their overall survival. In thjis podcast we dicuss metastatic liver lesions with Dr Hendri Pretorius.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1155651_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4937742" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1155651_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1155651?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Plastic surgery: Melanomas</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1157640</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1157640</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this podcast we will cover the basics of melanomas which all general practcioners should know about with Mayuri Ramnarain. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 19 Feb 2022 11:11:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>41</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Plastic surgery: Melanomas</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>41</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>16:37</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this podcast we will cover the basics of melanomas which all general practcioners should know about with Mayuri Ramnarain.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1157640_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="6301672" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1157640_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_750.jpeg"/>
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1157640?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Routine blood tests in general surgery-when to do them</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1167501</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1167501</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Bryce Svensson interviews Prof Brand to find out what are 'routine blood tests' used in general surgery. Specifically they talk about the full blood count, urea and electrolytes, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Their indications and interpretation. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Wed, 23 Mar 2022 08:43:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>42</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Routine blood tests in general surgery-when to do them</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>42</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>14:41</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode Bryce Svensson interviews Prof Brand to find out what are 'routine blood tests' used in general surgery. Specifically they talk about the full blood count, urea and electrolytes, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Their indications and interpretation.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="5592968" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1167501_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
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		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1167501?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>Vascular Surgery: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1173275</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1173275</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode we discuss with Dr Sherwyn Morrison abdominal aortic aneurysms, from risk factors to types, their presentation and an overview of management. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2022 11:35:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>43</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Vascular Surgery: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>43</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>13:09</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode we discuss with Dr Sherwyn Morrison abdominal aortic aneurysms, from risk factors to types, their presentation and an overview of management.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1173275_low.mp3?p=rss" />
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						<podcast:alternateEnclosure type="audio/mp3" length="4756786" bitrate="56000" title="Medium quality">
			  <podcast:source uri="https://dl.iono.fm/epi/prov_1915/epi_1173275_medium.mp3?p=rss" />
			</podcast:alternateEnclosure>
							<ionofm:thumbnail href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_750.jpeg"/>
		<ionofm:coverart href=""/>
		<ionofm:player_url><![CDATA[https://iframe.iono.fm/e/1173275?download=0]]></ionofm:player_url>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>HPB: Obstructive jaundice</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1173570</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://iono.fm/e/1173570</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this episode we discuss the basics of obstructive (or surgical) jaundice with Dr Hendri Pretorius. The presentation theory, red flags and investigations. For an approacch to a patint with obstructive jaundice listen to the podcast linked below from the What's wrong with that patient? series. <a href="https://iono.fm/e/1170726">An approach to a patient with obstructive jaundice</a> &middot; <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Tue, 12 Apr 2022 08:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>44</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB: Obstructive jaundice</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>44</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>9:03</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode we discuss the basics of obstructive (or surgical) jaundice with Dr Hendri Pretorius. The presentation theory, red flags and investigations. For an approacch to a patint with obstructive jaundice listen to the podcast linked below from the What's wrong with that patient? series.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>General Surgery: Common tumour markers</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1178071</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Annemie Steyn and Nicollete Kock find out about commonly used tumour markers in general surgery. From CEA, CA19-9 to AFP, calcitonin, and chromogranin Prof Brand gives a broad overview of when and how we should use these tumour markers. <a href="https://stanleurcapital.co.za/elite_financial_solutions/medical-practice-and-business-solutions/">Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions</a>]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Thu, 28 Apr 2022 20:52:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>45</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>General Surgery: Common tumour markers</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>45</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>15:30</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode Annemie Steyn and Nicollete Kock find out about commonly used tumour markers in general surgery. From CEA, CA19-9 to AFP, calcitonin, and chromogranin Prof Brand gives a broad overview of when and how we should use these tumour markers.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>Arterial blood bases, the basics.</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1211848</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Bryce Svensson discusses blood gases, arterial and venous, with Prof Martin Brand. When to use them, how to interpret them and some tricks to detemine a patient's metabolic physiological state. ]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Wed, 03 Aug 2022 10:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>46</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Arterial blood bases, the basics.</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>46</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>18:49</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode Bryce Svensson discusses blood gases, arterial and venous, with Prof Martin Brand. When to use them, how to interpret them and some tricks to detemine a patient's metabolic physiological state.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>Upper GIT Surgery: Peptic ulcer disease</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1407475</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Folakemi and Ameze find out about peptic ulcer disease. From it's pathophysiology, to it's clinical presentation, investigations and treatment options. ]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2024 11:43:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>47</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Upper GIT Surgery: Peptic ulcer disease</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>47</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>14:02</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode Folakemi and Ameze find out about peptic ulcer disease. From it's pathophysiology, to it's clinical presentation, investigations and treatment options.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>Salivary Gland Tumors</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1450440</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[In this pod Josephine Kamuzinzi and Prof Brand discuss benign and malignant salivary gland tumours, their presentation and management. ]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Wed, 12 Jun 2024 12:57:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>48</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>Salivary Gland Tumors</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>48</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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		<itunes:duration>8:29</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this pod Josephine Kamuzinzi and Prof Brand discuss benign and malignant salivary gland tumours, their presentation and management.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>HPB: Pancreatic cystic lesions</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1548154</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[Tiego and Alvin discuss pancreatic cystic lesions under the classification of benign and malignant cysts with Prof Martin Brand. The premalignant mucinous cystic lesions are highlighted. ]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 19 Apr 2025 00:11:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>49</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB: Pancreatic cystic lesions</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>49</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>4:55</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Tiego and Alvin discuss pancreatic cystic lesions under the classification of benign and malignant cysts with Prof Martin Brand. The premalignant mucinous cystic lesions are highlighted.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>HPB: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1548153</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[In this episode Alvin and Tiego go through the basics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with Prof Martin Brand. They cover risk factors, clinical presentation and investigation as well as broad management principles of this cancer. ]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 19 Apr 2025 00:07:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>49</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>49</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>9:09</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this episode Alvin and Tiego go through the basics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with Prof Martin Brand. They cover risk factors, clinical presentation and investigation as well as broad management principles of this cancer.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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		<title>HPB: Chronic pancreatitis</title>
		<link>https://iono.fm/e/1548155</link>
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		<description><![CDATA[In this podcast Prof Martin Brand speaks with another HPB surgeon, Dr Thabo Rampai, about chronic pancreatitis. It's risk factors, presentation, complications of and how to manage the disease. ]]></description>
					<category>Natural Sciences</category>
				<pubDate>Sat, 19 Apr 2025 00:27:00 +0200</pubDate>
				<podcast:season>1</podcast:season>
		<podcast:episode>51</podcast:episode>
						<itunes:title>HPB: Chronic pancreatitis</itunes:title>
		<itunes:season>1</itunes:season>
		<itunes:episode>51</itunes:episode>
		<itunes:author>Prof. Martin Brand</itunes:author>
					<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
				<itunes:image href="https://cdn.iono.fm/files/p1915/logo_5551_20250910_202416_1400.jpeg"/>
		<itunes:duration>14:48</itunes:duration>
		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In this podcast Prof Martin Brand speaks with another HPB surgeon, Dr Thabo Rampai, about chronic pancreatitis. It's risk factors, presentation, complications of and how to manage the disease.]]></itunes:summary>
				<source url="https://rss.iono.fm/rss/chan/5551">Students of Surgery</source>
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